PASADO PROGRESIVO

Uso / use:

El pasado progresivo (past progressive) se usa para describir una acción que comenzó en el pasado, continuó durante un periodo de tiempo y últimamente terminó en el pasado.

The past progressive (past progressive) is used to describe an action that began in the past, continued for a period of time and ultimately ended in the past.

Forma/ shape:

El pasado progresivo, también llamado el pasado continuo

 (past continuous), está formado con el verbo BE 

en el pasado simple (was, were) seguido porun participio presente.

 Aquí es la fórmula: 

·         subject + BE + (verb+ing).

The progressive past, also called the past continuous (past continuous), is formed with the verb BE in the simple past (was, were) followed by a present participle. Here is the formula:

 • subject + BE + (verb + ing).

Ejemplo / example:

• She was reading the newspaper in the living room when you arrived. (Ella estaba leyendo el periódico en la sala cuando llegaste)
• You were working very hard yesterday. (Tú estabas trabajando muy duro ayer)
• They were playing in the park. (Ellos estaban jugando en el parque)
• She was doing the work of two people. (Ella estaba haciendo el trabajo de dos personas)
• He was speaking German. (Él estaba hablando alemán)

Ejercicios/ exercises:

Contesta correctamente escribe el verbo que se encuentra en paréntesis de forma correcta.

Answer correctly write the verb that is in parentheses correctly.

1.     The plane                 the airport. (Leave)

2.    He                            in the park.(play)

3.     They                        books there. (sell)

4.    They                         chess. (play)

5.    The boy                    because his toy is broken. (cry)

PASADO PERFECTO

Uso / use:

El pasado perfecto en inglés corresponde al pluscuamperfecto de español. En general, lo usamos para acciones que ocurrieron antes de otra acción en el pasado.

The perfect past in English corresponds to the pluperfect of Spanish. In general, we use it for actions that occurred before another action in the past.

Forma/ shape:

Igual que en el presente perfecto, se forma el pasado perfecto con 

el verbo auxiliar “to have” y el participio pasado. 

El verbo auxiliar estará en pasado.

·        Sujeto+ verbo auxiliar+ participio pasado

As in the present perfect, the perfect past is formed with the auxiliary verb "to have" and the past participle. The auxiliary verb will be in the past.

·        Subject + auxiliary verb + past participle

Ejemplo / example:

·         I had worked for my uncle. (Yo había trabajado para mi tío)

·         She had finished her homework. (Ella había terminado su tarea)

·         We had talked for more than two hours. (Nosotros habíamos hablado por más de dos horas)

·         We had visited them once a week for the last year. (Nosotros los habíamos visitado una vez por semana durante el último año)

·         He had returned my car at last. (El había regresado mi automóvil al fin)

Ejercicios/ exercises:

Contesta correctamente escribe el verbo que se encuentra en paréntesis de forma correcta.

Answer correctly write the verb that is in parentheses correctly.

1.     It                      once a week for the last month. (rain)

2.    They                the Project. (complete)

3.    I                       something special for you. (cook)

4.    I                       in that firm for many years. (work)

5. We                   each other for twenty years. (love)

PHARASAL VERBS

Los phrasal verbs o verbos compuestos son expresiones idiomáticas formadas por un verbo acompañado de una preposición o un adverbio, incluso o ambos, que hacen que el significado del verbo se modifique.

The phrasal verbs or compound verbs are idiomatic expressions formed by a verb accompanied by a preposition or an adverb, even or both, that make the meaning of the verb change.

SEPARABLE

Uso / use:

Los phrasal verbs separables son aquellos en los que el verbo y su complemento pueden estar separados por un objeto directo.

Separable phrasal verbs are those in which the verb and its complement can be separated by a direct object.

Ejemplo / example:

PHARASAL VERBS	DEFINITION	SEPARABLE
Set up	Emprendedor	X
Copy in	Enviar una copia	X
Fill out	Completar	X
Pick up	Recoger	X
Call Back	Regresar llamada	X

NON SEPARABLE

Uso / use:

Son aquellos phrasal verbs en los que el verbo y la preposición siempre van juntas y no se separan, es decir, el object pronoun siempre se pone después de la preposición.

They are those phrasal verbs in which the verb and the preposition always go together and do not separate, that is, the object pronoun always gets after the preposition.

Ejemplo / example:

PHARASAL VERBS	DEFINITION	NON SEPARABLE
Catch up with	Ponerte al corriente	X
Join in	Participar	X
Look  into	Investigar	X
Hear of	Escuchar	X
Deal with	Negociar	X

PASADO SIMPLE

Uso / use:

El pasado simple en inglés es equivalente al pretérito imperfecto y pretérito indefinido del español. Usamos el pasado simple para acciones completas en el pasado. El período de tiempo de estas acciones no es importante como en el español. 

The simple past in English is equivalent to the past imperfect and indefinite preterite of Spanish. We use the simple past for complete actions in the past. The time period of these actions is not as important as in Spanish.

Forma/ shape:

Para formar el pasado simple con verbos regulares, 

usamos el infinitivo  y añadimos la terminación “-ed”.

 La forma es la misma para todas las personas 

(I, you, he, she, it, we, they).

To form the simple past with regular verbs, we use

 the infinitive and add the ending "-ed". The form is

 the same for all people (I, you, he, she, it, we, they).

Ejemplo / example:

• You worked very hard last week. (Tú trabajaste muy duro la semana pasada)
• She lived in Japan last year. (Ella vivió en Japón el año pasado)
• They learned how to swim two years ago. (Ellos aprendieron a nadar hace dos años)
• She liked to sit  in the sun. (A ella le gustó sentarse en el sol)
• He always walked to school. (Él siempre caminó para ir a la escuela)

Ejercicios/ exercises:

Contesta correctamente escribe el verbo que se encuentra en paréntesis de forma correcta.

Answer correctly write the verb that is in parentheses correctly.

1.     I                               my house last weekend.(pain)

2.    Mr. Green                with my uncle. (work)

3.    I                               Kelly last year. (marry)

4.    He                           in his garden yesterday. (work)

5.    He                           for his English class. (study)

SHOULD / SHOULD´T HAVE

Uso / use:

Should:

We can use 'should have' to talk about past events that did not happen.

Podemos usar 'debería' para hablar sobre eventos pasados ​​que no sucedieron.

Should´t:

We can use ' should not have’ to speculate negatively about what may or may not have happened.

Podemos usar ' no debería' para especular negativamente sobre lo que puedo haber ocurrido o no.

Forma/ shape:

Use "should" / "should not have" + the past participle of the main verb

Se usa "should" / "Should’t have" + el participio pasado del verbo principal

Ejemplo / example:

Should:

ü  I should have let her know what was happening but I forgot.

ü  Debería haberle hecho saber lo que estaba sucediendo, pero lo olvidé.

ü  He should have sent everybody a reminder by email.

ü  Debería haber enviado a todos un recordatorio por correo electrónico.

ü  They should have remembered that their guests don't eat pork.

ü  Deberían haber recordado que sus invitados no comen cerdo

Shouldn´t:

ü  She shouldn't have left work yet. I'll call her office.

ü  Ella no debería haber dejado el trabajo todavía. Llamaré a su oficina.

ü  He shouldn't have boarded his plane yet. We can probably still get hold of him.

ü  Él no debería haber abordado su avión todavía. Probablemente aún podamos contactarlo.

ü  They shouldn't have sent the report off for printing yet. There is still time to make changes.

ü  No deberían haber enviado el informe para imprimir aún. Todavía hay tiempo para hacer cambios.

Ejercicios/ exercises:

Answer correctly, answer should have / shouldn't have depending on the sentence.

Contesta correctamente, responde should have/ shouldn´t have dependiendo la oración.

1. She                             taken the children with her to Houston.
2. He                                lent us the money which we need.
3. She                             been back by noon.
4. I                                   this problem.
5. I                                   play soccer, I do not like it

WAS/ WERE GOING TO AND WAS/ WERE SUPPOSED TO

Uso / use:

Was / were going to:

We will use was / were going to talk about plans we did in the past and they did not happen or will not happen in the future.

Usaremos was/were going to para hablar sobre planes que hicimos en el pasado y no sucedieron o no sucederán en el futuro.

Was / were supposed to:

We will use was / were supposed to talk about things that we agreed to do, 

or that people expect us to do, but we did not.

Usaremos was/were supposed to para hablar sobre cosas que nos pusimos

de acuerdo para hacer, o que la gente espera que hagamos, pero que no hicimos.

Forma/ shape:

Was / were going to:

Subject + was / were + Going to + verb + rest of sentence.

Sujeto+ was / were + Going to + verbo + resto de frase.

Was / were supposed to:

Subject + was / were + supposed to + verb + rest of sentence.

Sujeto+ was / were + supposed to + verbo + resto de frase.

Ejemplo / example:

Was / were going to:

ü  We were going to go shopping but we decided not to go because it started raining. 

ü  Íbamos a ir a comprar, pero decidimos no ir porque empezó a llover.

ü  They were going to play football but, finally, they didn't because they were too tired. 

ü  Ellos iban a jugar al fútbol, pero finalmente no jugaron porque estaban muy cansados.

Was / were supposed to:

ü Ana was supposed to book the cottage months ago, but she forgot.

ü Acordamos que Ana reservaría la casa de campo, pero no lo hizo.

ü I was supposed to call you back, wasn’t? Sorry, Sam, I was out all day.

ü Sam esperaba que su novia le devolviese la llamada, pero no lo hizo

Ejercicios/ exercises:

Answer correctly, answer was / were going to depending on the sentence.Contesta correctamente, was / were going to responde dependiendo la oración.

1.    I                          see you tomorrow.

2.    He                        visit her next week.

3.    They                         eat out tonight.

Answer correctly, answer was / were supposed to depending on the sentence.Contesta correctamente, was / were supposed to responde dependiendo la oración.

1.    He                               his dance lesson at seven o’clock.

2.    They                            bring the books with them.

3.    He                                arrive tomorrow.